Revisit the site often to ensure complete control. Any root fragments left in the soil can sprout, forming new shoots. Seedlings or small plants may be removed by hand, but once a strong root system has developed, other control methods will be required.Prevent the spread of invasive plants by thoroughly cleaning tools, boots, and vehicles after working in or traveling through an infested area.Ensure any existing plants do not produce and release seed by pulling small plants or treating with an herbicide in late July or August, prior to seed set. Monitor and re-treat infestations as necessary.Otherwise, dispose of material in the landfill. Burn cut material if burning is allowed in your area. Stem pieces can root in moist soil, so composting is not advised. Larger infestations will require the use of an appropriate herbicide. Small seedlings can be pulled in moist soil.Re-vegetate treatment areas to improve ecosystem function and prevent new infestations.Monitor the site and continue to treat plants that germinate from the seed bank.Begin work on the perimeter of the infested areas first and move inward toward the core of the infestation.Minimizing disturbance avoids creating more opportunities for weed seed germination. Control practices should be selected to minimize soil disturbance.Survey area for weeds, set priorities, and select the best control method(s) for the site.Management will require dedication for a number of years and should allow flexibility in methods. Select control methods reflecting the available time, funding, and labor of the participants, the land use goals, and the values of the community and landowners. Use a multifaceted and adaptive approach.The goal is to maximize effective control and to minimize negative environmental, economic, and recreational impacts. IPM involves selecting from a range of possible control methods to match the management requirements of each specific site.
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It is tolerant of full sun to part shade, many types of pollution, and poor soil conditions.Tree of heaven grows in a variety of habitats and is commonly found in disturbed areas along forest edges, roadsides, fence rows, urban parks, old fields, and railroad embankments.It is a favorite host for the spotted lanternfly, an invasive and agriculturally damaging pest.Ailanthus forms dense thickets, reducing wildlife habitat, particularly in riparian areas.These are chemicals that affect the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other plants. Tree of heaven produces allelopathic chemicals in its leaves, roots, and bark.Its roots damage pavement, roads, and building foundations in urban areas. Due to its rapid growth and structural weakness, tree of heaven is considered a tree-fall hazard.Other identifying features include v-shaped leaf scars and a spongy, brown center inside twigs.The leaf edges of the look-alikes typically have teeth or serrations, while those of tree of heaven are smooth. Tree of Heaven can be easily confused with other trees that have compound leaves with many leaflets, such as sumac or walnut.The samaras vary from greenish-yellow to red-brown and are often vibrantly colored in the fall. In late summer through autumn, tree of heaven produces large clusters of papery wings (samaras), each with a single central seed.Tiny individual flowers are light green to pale. Flower clusters may be up to 12 inches wide and are largest on male trees. Male and female flowers form in terminal clusters on separate trees.Greenish to brown twigs grow alternately on the tree and lack a terminal bud.Leaflets have mostly smooth edges with one to two protruding bumps at the base called glandular teeth. Leaves are pinnately compound, meaning they have leaflets attached on each side of a central stem.As it ages, the bark turns gray and develops shallow, diamond-shaped fissures. The bark on young trees is smooth and green.When crushed, plant parts have a distinct, peanut-butter or popcorn odor.Creeping roots may extend out to 50 feet in all directions. It produces a long tap root and suckers freely when cut, making it difficult to control. Tree of heaven is an introduced deciduous tree species growing up to 80 feet tall and six feet in diameter.